Students learn about numbers, counting, place value, and operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. We use visuals, objects, and simple explanations to build understanding. For example, multiplication is first introduced as distributing an equal number of items to each group as repeated addition. It is also defined in terms of skip counting and the use of the number line. Next, we show multiplication in terms of scaling and through the use of multiplication tables. We show the connection between multiplication and division and how problems can be interpreted as both. We also see how multiplication is used through the application of word problems where information needs to be extracted.

These tasks require mathematical thinking that includes the ability to analyse patterns and sequences and the corresponding numerical relationships and concepts. These types of tasks promote inquiry by recognizing some quality and then using that information to continue the pattern. For example, children can learn pattern recognition by looking at a number pattern to determine what comes next based on the relationship the numbers have with one another. They need to ascertain the relationship then reason what comes next.

Students explore measurement, shapes, size, and space and we focus on the mathematical properties of shapes and their relationships. We also focus on understanding and reasoning with shapes and spatial relationships which involve activities such as rotating shapes or understanding how different parts fit together. These lessons make abstract ideas easier to understand and allow students to practise problem-solving skills.

Key math vocabulary is taught along with each concept so students can understand the reasons and the connections and communicate effectively. For example, a square is 4-sided polygon (quadrilateral) whose sides have equal lengths and are perpendicular to each other. Mathematical communication is necessary to understand and reason with concepts and mathematical language (symbols, notation) as well as other language-based information and to use problem-solving strategies. Thus, students will learn how to express their ideas and to talk about how they solve problems.

Students apply what they’ve learned to solve word problems and develop critical thinking. By applying verbal reasoning, using math vocabulary and concepts, and employing various scaffolding techniques, students develop their problem-solving skills and their ability to explain their thinking.